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Dr Al Amin Mridha

 

Who first wrote the English Dictionary?

 

There is a great degree of debates about who first wrote the English dictionary.  However, a research on the Internet suggests that the first English Dictionary was written in 1604 by Robert Cawdrey (born 1537/8?, died in or after 1604).  It was published in London in the same year with the title "Table Alphabeticall" consisting of only 120 pages, listing 2,543 words along with very brief (often single-word) definitions.  His Table Alphabeticall can be found at the following link:

bullet

A Table Alphabeticall of Hard Usual English Words (1604): The First English Dictionary By Robert Cawdrey

The Dictionary was little more than a list of synonyms. The purpose of this publication was for the benefit and help of ladies, gentlewomen, or other unskillful persons. The words chosen were quite arbitrary and often obscure.  His aim was not to create a comprehensive catalog, but rather an in-depth guide for the lesser educated who might not know the hard usual English words, borrowed from the Hebrew, Greek, Latin, or French.  Although, there was a second edition in 1609, a third edition in 1613, and a fourth edition in 1617, the book did not bring him fame or fortune. 

It was Samuel Johnson (born 1709, died in 1784) who worked for nine years and got his Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.  It had a far-reaching impact on Modern English.  The Dictionary brought Johnson popularity and success; until the completion of the Oxford English Dictionary, 150 years later.  Johnson's was viewed as the pre-eminent British dictionary.  The dictionary listed 40,000 words.  Each word was defined in detail, the definitions illustrated with quotations covering every branch of learning. It was a huge scholarly achievement, a more extensive and complex dictionary than any of it's predecessors.  A version of Johnson's dictionary can be found at the following link:

bullet A Dictionary of the English Language

It is to be noted that there were other versions of English Language Dictionaries and some other publications before and after Cawdrey and Johnson.  A list of these documents is as follows:

A brief chronology of English
BC 55 Roman invasion of Britain by Julius Caesar. Local inhabitants speak Celtish
BC 43 Roman invasion and occupation. Beginning of Roman rule of Britain.
436 Roman withdrawal from Britain complete.
449 Settlement of Britain by Germanic invaders begins
450-480 Earliest known Old English inscriptions. Old English
1066 William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, invades and conquers England.
c1150 Earliest surviving manuscripts in Middle English. Middle English
1348 English replaces Latin as the language of instruction in most schools.
1362 English replaces French as the language of law. English is used in Parliament for the first time.
c1388 Chaucer starts writing The Canterbury Tales.
c1400 The Great Vowel Shift begins.
1476 William Caxton establishes the first English printing press. Early Modern English
1564 Shakespeare is born.
1604 Table Alphabeticall, the first English dictionary, is published.
1607 The first permanent English settlement in the New World (Jamestown) is established.
1616 Shakespeare dies.
1623 Shakespeare's First Folio is published
1702 The first daily English-language newspaper, The Daily Courant, is published in London.
1755 Samuel Johnson publishes his English dictionary.
1776 Thomas Jefferson writes the American Declaration of Independence.
1782 Britain abandons its American colonies.
1828 Webster publishes his American English dictionary. Late Modern English
1922 The British Broadcasting Corporation is founded.
1928 The Oxford English Dictionary is published.

Source: www.englishclub.com

References

  1. 1755 - Johnson's Dictionary

  2. A Dictionary of the English Language By Samuel Johnson

  3. A Table Alphabeticall of Hard Usual English Words (1604) By Robert Cawdrey

  4. Hard Wordes in Plaine English

  5. History of the English Language

  6. Johnson's Dictionary By Samuel Johnson, Henry John Todd, John Walker (manuscript)

  7. Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language

  8. Samuel Johnson and the First English Dictionary

  9. Samuel Johnson from Wikipedia

  10. Table Alphabeticall - Robert Cawdrey from Wikipedia

  11. The Dictionary of the English Language

  12. The First English Dictionary, 1604 Robert Cawdrey's Table Alphabeticall

  13. The Plan of an English Dictionary (1747) by Samuel Johnson

Please send an email to Aslam Hossain Mridha with questions or comments about this web site
Last modified by Bhagbat Sarker: Sunday July 31, 2011